As of June 8, 2018, West Virginia has identified 203 cases from 11 counties. Most cases have been reported from Cabell, Kanawha, and Putnam counties. Hospitalization remains high at about 70%. BPH is working closely with local health departments to obtain the most complete epidemiologic data available on cases to prevent secondary cases among close contacts. Vaccination of high-risk groups continues to be an important strategy in preventing new cases. In early June, BPH collaborated with the Regional Jail Authority to vaccinate inmates at the Western and Southcentral Regional Jails
KCHD offers warm weather guidance
“Now is the time to prepare for hot temperatures that bring illness and even death every year,” according to Christina Hinkle, director of clinic services, at the Kanawha-Charleston Health Department and the Putnam County Health Department.
“Take measures to stay cool. Remain hydrated and keep informed. Getting too hot can make you sick. You can become ill from the heat if your body can’t compensate for it and properly cool you off,” Hinkle said.
HEALTH ADVISORY #146 Vectorborne Disease Season
With the spring season comes an increase in mosquito and tick activity in West Virginia. Vectorborne disease season typically runs from May to November each year. Human cases of vectorborne disease are most frequently reported during summer since people are most active and outdoors when the weather is warm.
Outbreak of Life-threatening Coagulopathy Associated with Synthetic Cannabinoids Use
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is providing information on: 1) the current status of a multistate outbreak of coagulopathy from exposure to synthetic cannabinoid products containing a vitamin K-dependent antagonist agent, such as brodifacoum; 2) signs and symptoms of presenting patients from this outbreak and which patients are at risk; 3) laboratory testing options that are available to help identify and classify cases; 4) available resources that may help clinicians make decisions; and 5) to whom to report possible cases.
HEALTH ADVISORY #145 Increased Cases of Hepatitis A Among Persons Who Are Homeless and Persons Who Use Illicit Drugs
West Virginia is reporting an increase in hepatitis A virus (HAV) cases in some counties, namely Kanawha and Putnam. Several have been molecularly linked to the multi-state outbreak in which genotype 1B is the HAV strain of concern; other cases have been epidemiologically-linked to cases from Kentucky.
HEALTH ADVISORY #144 Enhanced Surveillance for Hepatitis A Cases Among Homeless and Persons Who Inject Drugs
Multiple state (California, Kentucky, Michigan, and Utah) and local health departments have been reporting hepatitis A virus (HAV) (genotype 1B) outbreaks among homeless persons, persons who use injection and non-injection drugs, and their close contacts since 2016. At this time, the West Virginia Bureau for Public Health (BPH) has not seen an increase in reported HAV cases.
HAV is a vaccine-preventable disease that is usually transmitted person-to-person through the fecal-oral route or consumption of contaminated food or water. People who are homeless are at particularly high-risk due to lack of access to clean toilets and handwashing facilities. HAV does not result in chronic infection and can range from a mild illness lasting a few weeks to severe illness lasting several months. Symptoms include acute onset of fever, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dark urine, clay-colored stool, and jaundice
HEALTH ADVISORY #142 Vigilance for Cases of Acute Flaccid Myelitis
Since acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) was first recognized in the United States in 2014, only two confirmed cases have been reported in West Virginia (both in 2016). Though no cases have been reported in 2017, healthcare providers are encouraged to continue vigilance for cases of AFM among all age groups and report suspected cases of AFM to their local health departments. Reporting of cases will help public health monitor the occurrence of AFM to better understand factors associated with this illness.
HEALTH ADVISORY #143 Widespread Influenza Activity and Severity in West Virginia
Influenza activity has increased significantly in the United States in recent weeks. West Virginia is characterized as having widespread activity. This influenza season is notable for the sheer volume of ill cases that has caused stress to health systems. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released a Health Advisory (https://emergency.cdc.gov/han/han00409.asp) that warned of a high-severity influenza A (H3N2) season and resulting clinical implications. As of January 6, 2018, 20 pediatric influenza deaths were reported nationally, none in West Virginia.
HEALTH ADVISORY #141 Dramatic Increase in Lyme Disease Cases
West Virginia will report the highest number of Lyme disease cases on record in 2017. As of November 8, 2017, 571 confirmed and probable Lyme disease cases have been reported compared to the previous record of 368 cases in 2016. The geographic distribution of cases has also increased. As of November 8, 2017, 45 counties have reported at least one confirmed or probable Lyme disease case, up from 11 counties in 2012. This increase could be the result of increased reporting, increase in the number of Ixodes scapularis ticks infected with Borrelia burgdorferi in West Virginia, or a recent change in the national surveillance case definition for Lyme disease. Based on the change, West Virginia is considered a high incidence Lyme disease state, and the presence of an erythema migrans (EM) with known exposure in the state is sufficient for a patient to be classified as a confirmed surveillance case.
Advice for Health Care Providers Treating Patients in or Recently Returned from Hurricane-Affected Areas
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is working with federal, state, territorial, and local agencies and global health partners in response to recent hurricanes. CDC is aware of media reports and anecdotal accounts of various infectious diseases in hurricane-affected areas, including Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands (USVI). Because of compromised drinking water and decreased access to safe water, food, and shelter, the conditions for outbreaks of infectious diseases exist.
Rifampin/Penicillin-Resistant Strain of RB51 Brucella Contracted from Consumption of Raw Milk
The Texas Department of State Health Services, with assistance from CDC, is investigating Brucella RB51 exposures and illnesses that may be connected to the purchase and consumption of raw (unpasteurized) milk from K-Bar Dairy in Paradise, Texas. Symptoms of brucellosis can include: fever, sweats, malaise, anorexia, headache, fatigue, muscle & joint pain, and potentially more serious complications (e.g., swelling of heart, liver, or spleen, neurologic symptoms).
Hurricane Harvey – Clinical Guidance for Carbon Monoxide (CO) Poisoning
Carbon monoxide (CO) is an odorless, colorless, poisonous gas that can cause sudden illness and death if present in sufficient concentration in the ambient air. During a significant power outage, persons using alternative fuel or power sources such as generators or gasoline powered engine tools such as pressure washers might be exposed to toxic CO levels if the fuel or power sources are placed inside or too close to the exterior of the building causing CO to build up in the structure. The purpose of this HAN advisory is to remind clinicians evaluating persons affected by the storm to maintain a high index of suspicion for CO poisoning. Clinicians are advised to consider CO exposure and take steps to discontinue exposure to CO. Clinicians are also advised to ask a patient with CO poisoning about other people who may be exposed to the same CO exposure, such as persons living with or visiting them so they may be treated for possible CO poisoning.
Increase in West Nile Virus Activity in Mosquitoes
Based on data collected from May 24, 2017 to July 26, 2017, the West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources, Bureau for Public Health Mosquito Surveillance Program is reporting several West Nile virus (WNV) positive mosquito pools across West Virginia with the greatest number of infected mosquitoes from Cabell County. WNV positive mosquito pools have also been detected in Berkeley, Fayette, Kanawha, Putnam, Wayne, Wetzel, and Wood counties this season.
Increase in Reported cases of Cyclospora Cayetanensis Infection, United States, Summer 2017
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), State and Local Health Departments, and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are investigating an increase in reported cases of cyclosporiasis. The purpose of this HAN Advisory is to notify public health departments and healthcare facilities and to provide guidance to healthcare providers of the increase in reported cases. Please disseminate this information to healthcare providers in hospitals and emergency rooms, to primary care providers, and to microbiology laboratories.
Increase in New HIV Infections Reported in West Virginia
The Bureau for Public Health is investigating an increase in newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cases in the State among persons at high risk for infection. In addition to syphilis (reported among several of the cases), this at-risk population remains at high risk for hepatitis B and C infection.